Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that can cause vision loss by damaging the optic nerve. One of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide, glaucoma is also called the "silent thief of sight" because it typically presents no symptoms in its early stages. At Rotary Techno Netralaya, a trusted eye hospital in Kolkata, we emphasize the importance of early detection and timely intervention to stop optic nerve damage, preserve vision, and maintain quality of life. Let us explore the early signs of glaucoma, its causes, risk factors, and the latest treatment options available.

Understanding Glaucoma

Glaucoma is caused by damage to the optic nerve, which is the crucial communication link between the eye and the brain. This damage is often the result of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), which happens when fluid builds up inside the eye. However, not every glaucoma patient has high eye pressure, indicating that other risk factors such as genetics and vascular health may also play a significant role. The most common type is open-angle glaucoma, where the drainage angle formed by the cornea and iris remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes less efficient at draining fluid. Another form, angle-closure glaucoma, is less common but more severe, and is characterized by a sudden closure of the drainage angle leading to a rapid and painful increase in eye pressure. Additionally, there are other forms like congenital glaucoma, secondary glaucoma (resulting from injury, inflammation, or medications), and normal-tension glaucoma, which causes optic nerve damage despite normal eye pressure.

Who are at Risk?

Certain groups of individuals are more susceptible to developing glaucoma. The risk increases significantly after the age of 40. People with a family history of glaucoma have a higher genetic predisposition to the disease. Individuals with elevated intraocular pressure, as well as those suffering from systemic conditions like Diabetes and Hypertension, are at an increased risk. Ethnicity also plays a role. Long-term use of corticosteroid medications and a history of eye injuries or trauma can also contribute to a heightened risk. At Rotary Techno Netralaya, our glaucoma specialists in Kolkata are trained to evaluate these risk factors using a patient-centric approach supported by the latest diagnostic tools.

Early Signs of Glaucoma

One of the greatest challenges in combating Glaucoma is its silent progression. Most patients with open-angle Glaucoma do not experience any symptoms until significant vision loss has occurred. However, early signs may include a gradual loss of peripheral (side) vision, especially in both eyes, difficulty adjusting to darkness or dim lighting, and mild eye discomfort. If left untreated, the condition can lead to tunnel vision in the advanced stages.

On the other hand, angle-closure glaucoma presents more immediate and severe symptoms, making it a medical emergency. Patients may suddenly experience blurred vision, severe eye pain, headaches, halos around lights, nausea, vomiting, and redness in the eye. Prompt diagnosis and emergency treatment are essential to prevent permanent vision loss. If you notice any such symptoms, we recommend visiting a reputed eye specialist in Salt Lake Kolkata at the earliest.

Importance of Regular Eye Exams

Since Glaucoma often presents no early warning signs, regular eye examinations are crucial for timely detection. A comprehensive eye check-up, such as those offered at Rotary Techno Netralaya, includes several advanced tests. Tonometry is used to measure intraocular pressure, while ophthalmoscopy assesses the optic nerve’s shape and colour. Perimetry helps map the field of vision to detect any peripheral vision loss. Gonioscopy is used to examine the drainage angle in the eye, and pachymetry measures corneal thickness, which can influence eye pressure readings. At our facility, a leading retina specialist center in Kolkata, we ensure these assessments are performed with precision, providing patients with a clear picture of their ocular health.

Treatment Options for Glaucoma

Although Glaucoma cannot be cured, timely treatment can effectively slow or halt its progression. The treatment strategy depends on the type and severity of the disease. For many patients, prescription eye drops are the first line of treatment. These drops either reduce fluid production in the eye or enhance its drainage. Consistent and proper use of these medications is essential to manage intraocular pressure effectively.

In some cases, oral medications like acetazolamide may be prescribed when eye drops alone do not provide sufficient pressure control. Laser therapy is another minimally invasive option. For open-angle Glaucoma, laser trabeculoplasty helps improve fluid drainage. Whereas in angle-closure Glaucoma, laser iridotomy creates a small hole in the iris to facilitate fluid outflow. Cyclophotocoagulation, which targets the ciliary body, can also be used to reduce fluid production.

When medication and laser therapy do not sufficiently control the disease, surgical intervention becomes necessary. Trabeculectomy creates a new drainage channel for eye fluid, while glaucoma drainage implants are small medical devices designed to help manage intraocular pressure. The latest development in this field, minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS), offers a safer and quicker recovery option with fewer complications. At Rotary Techno Netralaya, a centre also known for affordable cataract surgery in Kolkata, we offer personalized glaucoma treatment plans, ensuring the best outcomes for each patient.

Lifestyle and Management Tips

Managing Glaucoma requires a combination of medical treatment and healthy lifestyle choices. Patients must adhere strictly to their prescribed medication schedules to maintain stable eye pressure. Engaging in regular physical activity, such as walking or light aerobics, can also help lower IOP. It is important to avoid head-down positions in yoga or while doing household chores, as these may elevate eye pressure. A diet rich in green leafy vegetables, antioxidants, and omega-3 fatty acids can support overall eye health. Patients should also protect their eyes from UV rays by wearing sunglasses outdoors and avoid excessive intake of caffeine, which can increase intraocular pressure. Staying informed about the condition and not missing follow-up appointments with your ophthalmologist are crucial for long-term disease management.

Choose Rotary Techno Netralaya for Comprehensive Glaucoma Care

Glaucoma may be silent in its early stages, but it doesn't have to be a life-altering condition. With early diagnosis, professional care, and consistent management, patients can lead full, independent lives. At Rotary Techno Netralaya, a leading eye hospital in Kolkata, we are committed to safeguarding your vision. Our experienced team of veteran Ophthalmologists and specialists uses state-of-the-art technology to provide comprehensive and compassionate care.

If you are over the age of 40, have a family history of Glaucoma, or are experiencing any vision changes, do not delay. Schedule your comprehensive eye check-up in Salt Lake with us today. As a renowned retina treatment center near Sector 5, Kolkata, we are here to help you see the light of the future more clearly.